On the issue of using control electrodes for the marine vessel protectors technical diagnostics

Shunkin Dmitry Vladimirovich; Yastrebov Dmitry Pavlovich; Belov Oleg Aleksandrovich; Shvetsov Vladimir Alekseevich; Erev Konstantin Viktorovich

doi:doi:10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-17-24

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On the issue of using control electrodes for the marine vessel protectors technical diagnostics

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ON THE ISSUE OF USING CONTROL ELECTRODES FOR THE MARINE VESSEL PROTECTORS TECHNICAL DIAGNOSTICS

Journal: VESTNIK OF ASTRAKHAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: MARINE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGIES Volume 2023 № 4 , 2023

Rubrics: SHIPBUILDING, SHIP REPAIR AND FLEET OPERATION

UDK 620.19 Дефекты материалов и их выявление (контроль). Химические и физико-химические воздействия. Коррозия. Эрозия

Shunkin Dmitry Vladimirovich ¹

Yastrebov Dmitry Pavlovich ²

Belov Oleg Aleksandrovich ³

Shvetsov Vladimir Alekseevich ⁴

Erev Konstantin Viktorovich ⁵

Author and publication information

Authors:

1. “MC “Domovik”, LLC (Deputy General Director)

Russian Federation

2. Kamchatka State Technical University (Postgraduate Student of the Department of Ship Power Plants and Electrical Equipment)

Russian Federation

3. Kamchatka State Technical University (Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor; Head of the Department of Power Plants and Electrical Equipment of Ships)

Russian Federation

4. Kamchatka State Technical University (Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Assistant Professor; Professor of the Department of Power Plants and Electrical Equipment of Ships)

Russian Federation

5. RSUE “Kamchatsky Vodokanal” (Head Master Directorate of Water Disposal)

Russian Federation

Type:

Article

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-17-24

Pages:

from 17 to 24

Status:

Published

Received:

17.08.2023

Accepted:

12.10.2023

Published:

27.11.2023

Subject area:

Language:

Russian

Keywords:

protection of ships, tread protection against corrosion, protectors working potential, protectors technical diagnostics, measuring the working potential of a protector, standard reference electrode, non-standard reference electrode

Abstract and keywords

Abstract (English):
The world statistics of fleet accidents indicate that the most dangerous type of damage to engineering structures are fragile destructions that occur suddenly and spread at high speed. The causes of brittle fractures are defects such as corrosion-fatigue cracks, which often occur due to active corrosion processes. Seawater contains a large number of microorganisms that contribute to the acceleration of corrosion and fouling of metal structures in contact with water. The main method of corrosion protection of systems and mechanisms of marine fishing vessels is tread protection. To increase the effectiveness of tread protection, it is necessary to improve the methods of technical diagnostics of treads in order to use new methods at ship repair plants and marine vessels. It is proposed to use control electrodes made of stainless steel for technical diagnostics of marine vessel protectors. Laboratory tests of a stainless steel electrode and a standard silver chloride reference electrode were performed. The experiment took place at the installation for technical diagnostics of marine protectors, which was specially developed at the Department of “Power Plants and Electrical Equipment of Ships” of the Kamchatka State Technical University. Control measurements of the potential of the working protector were performed for five days, while 50 single control measurements of the working potential of the protector were performed daily using each electrode. The accuracy of the measurement results was evaluated using a mathematical and statistical method. The results of diagnosing the potential of the tread, obtained using an electrode made of stainless steel, comply with regulatory requirements. The proposed type of electrode can be used by ship crews for technical diagnostics of marine vessel protectors.

Keywords:
protection of ships, tread protection against corrosion, protectors working potential, protectors technical diagnostics, measuring the working potential of a protector, standard reference electrode, non-standard reference electrode

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Introduction

The corrosion studies carried out by the authors [1, 2] on Kamchatkaꞌs sea-going vessels, have brought to light many cases of using low-quality protectors at these vessels. For this reason, the workers of small ship-repair enterprises of the Kamchatka Region applied to Kamchatka State Technical University with a request to develop a simple method for technical diagnostics of ship protectors in order to check their working capacity.

According to the standard requirements [3], when technically diagnosing ship protectors it is necessary to measure their operating potential and current output. These tread characteristics are assessed using an expensive set of devices [3]. It should be noted that standard methods [1, 4-10] of protector quality control are not intended for continuous non-destructive testing of individual marine protectors. It is also necessary to take into account the experience of using silver-chloride reference electrodes (CRE) on Kamchatkaꞌs sea-going vessels to measure the operating potential of protectors. No shipꞌs crew of Kamchatka fleet uses CRE in their practical work [11]. This is because of the high cost of CRE and the complexity of its storage. For this reason, it is necessary to stop using CRE when organizing incoming quality control of marine protectors and replace it with a non-standard control electrode intended for use at small ship repair enterprises and sea-going vessels.

The papers [12-17] present the results of tests of non-standard control electrodes (of aluminum, copper; electrodes made of shipꞌs hull steel, etc.) used to control the tread protection systems of sea-going vessels’ hulls. This paper presents the results of technical diagnostics of protectors using a control electrode made of stainless steel.

The purpose of the article is to exchange experience in the quality control of marine protectors.

Еxperimental part

For five days (from 11.14.2022 to 11.18.2022), the operating potential of a P-SSA-4 type protector made of AP-1 aluminum alloy was measured in the laboratory conditions. The measurements were performed using a UNI-T UT39E+ multimeter and two electrodes:

– CRE;

– a control electrode made of CR (chrome) 17 stainless steel in accordance with the recommendations of the regulatory document [3].

Fifty single measurements of the tread potential were carried out daily using each control electrode. The total time for carrying out daily measurements is approximately 10 minutes. A diagram of the installation for technical diagnostics of sea-going vessel protectors is shown in Fig. 1. This installation was developed at the department “Power Plants and Electrical Equipment of Ships” of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kamchatka State Technical University”. The installation contains a steel container 1 filled with sea water 6. In the center of the steel container, there is a dielectric perforated container 3, which is attached to the steel container 1 using an adhesive connection 2. At the bottom of the perforated container 3, there is an elastic dielectric lining 4 made from foam-rubber. The perforated dielectric container 3 contains a replaceable controlled protector 5 fixed in the vertical position with the help of a float 12 made of dielectric material. A measuring cable 8 is connected to the steel armature 15 of the controlled protector through a spring-loaded self-clamping contact (of crocodile type) 13. A cable tip 7 is soldered to the free end of the measuring cable 8. A measuring cable 9 is soldered to the control electrode 10, besides the soldering point is protected with VK-9 glue. A cable tip 11 is soldered to the free end of the measuring cable 9 of the control electrode 10. The control electrode 10 is attached to the perforated container with the help of a rubber clamping ring 14.

Fig. 1. The design of an installation for technical
diagnostics of marine vessel protectors

The experiment has been performed the following way:

– the steel container was filled with sea water to the specified level;

– the controlled protector was placed in the perforated dielectric container in the vertical position which was fixed with the help of a dielectric float;

– the measuring cable equipped with a cable tip was connected to the steel armature of the protector with the help of a self-clamping contact;

– the electrode was placed in seawater, and attached to a perforated container with the help of a rubber clamping ring;

– 5 minutes after placing the controlled protector in sea water, the potential difference (ΔU) between the protector and the reference electrode was measured, 50 control measurements being performed with a pause of about 5 seconds between measurements, according to the recommendations [18-22];

– the obtained measurement results were entered into special forms, the experimental data were digitized, and initial mathematical processing of the measurement results was carried out with the help of the Microsoft Office Excel 365 software product;

– after processing the measurement results, electrode No. 1 was removed from the electrical measuring circuit, and electrode No. 2 was attached;

– then the measurement cycle was repeated with the help of control electrode No. 2, according to the recommendations proposed in papers [18-22].

It is worth noting that in order to connect the electrode test wire to an electrical measuring instrument (multimeter), one can use a bolted connection, a built-up connection, or a simple cable tip. The UNI-T UT39E+ multimeter was used in the experiment, but other electrical measuring instruments can also be used.

Results of the experiment and discussion

The results of the experiment and assessment of their metrological characteristics with the help of mathematical and statistical methods [23], obtained on the above installation by means of two control electrodes, are given in the Table (U_av – simple average, mV; R – variation range; d – average linear deviation; D – dispersion; σ – average quadratic deviation; Kd – linear variation coefficient, %; Kr – oscillation coefficient, %; V – variation coefficient, %) and in Fig. 2, 3.

Results of monitoring the working potential of P-KOA-4 protector from 11/14/2022 to 11/18/2022

No.	Results of measurements of the potential difference between the protector and control electrodes U=, mV, obtained with the help of electrodes per day
	Electrode No. 1 CRE					Electrode No. 2 made from stainless steel
	14/11/2022	15/11/2022	16/11/2022	17/11/2022	18/11/2022	14/11/2022	15/11/2022	16/11/2022	17/11/2022	18/11/2022
1	939	945	941	933	947	393	390	383	375	388
2	939	946	942	933	948	393	390	383	374	388
3	939	945	942	933	948	393	390	383	375	388
4	939	946	941	932	948	393	390	382	374	388
5	939	945	942	932	947	393	390	383	375	388
6	939	946	941	932	948	393	390	382	374	387
7	939	945	942	932	948	393	390	382	375	387
8	939	946	942	932	947	393	390	383	374	387
9	939	946	942	932	948	393	390	383	375	388
10	939	946	942	932	948	394	390	383	374	388
11	939	946	942	932	947	394	390	383	375	388
12	939	946	942	932	948	394	390	383	374	388
13	939	946	942	932	948	394	390	383	375	388
14	939	946	942	932	948	394	390	383	374	388
15	939	946	942	932	948	394	390	383	375	387
16	940	946	942	932	948	394	390	383	374	387
17	939	946	942	932	948	394	390	383	375	387
18	940	946	942	932	948	394	390	383	374	388
19	939	946	942	932	948	394	390	383	375	388
20	939	946	942	932	948	394	390	383	374	388
21	940	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
22	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	374	388
23	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
24	940	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	374	388
25	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
26	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	374	388
27	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
28	940	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	374	388
29	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
30	940	946	943	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
31	940	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	374	388
32	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
33	940	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	374	388
34	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
35	940	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	374	388
36	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
37	940	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	374	388
38	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
39	940	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	374	388
40	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
41	940	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	374	388
42	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
43	940	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	374	388
44	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
45	940	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	374	388
46	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
47	940	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	374	388
48	940	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
49	940	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	374	388
50	939	946	942	932	948	394	391	383	375	388
U_av, mV	939.34	945.92	941.96	932.06	947.92	393.82	390.60	382.94	374.52	387.88
R	1.00	1.00	2.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
d	0.45	0.15	0.12	0.11	0.15	0.30	0.48	0.11	0.50	0.21
D	0.22	0.07	0.08	0.06	0.07	0.15	0.24	0.06	0.25	0.11
σ	0.48	0.27	0.28	0.24	0.27	0.39	0.49	0.24	0.50	0.33
Kd, %	0.05	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.07	0.12	0.03	0.13	0.05
Kr, %	0.11	0.11	0.21	0.11	0.11	0.25	0.26	0.26	0.27	0.26
V, %	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.10	0.13	0.06	0.13	0.08

Fig. 2. Dynamics of the results of the potential difference measuring in the period
from November 14, 2022 to November 18, 2022, obtained with the help of electrode No. 1 (CRE)

Fig. 3. Dynamics of the results of the potential difference measuring in the period
from November 14, 2022 to November 18, 2022, obtained with the help of electrode No. 2 made of stainless steel

The results of the experiment given in the Table show that each group of measurements is homogeneous, the degree of dispersion of the measurement results is insignificant, since V < 1%. The dynamics of changes in the results of the potentialꞌs measurements over the period of the experiment is illustrated in Fig. 2, 3.

The results of the experiment given in Fig. 2, 3, show the following:

– repeatability (convergence) of the control measurement results corresponds to the accuracy category of “precise measurements”, since the variation coefficient V, %, has proved to be less than 1% [23];

– intra-laboratory precisionness [24] of measurement results meets the requirement: |X_max – X_min| = |948 – 932| = 16 ≤ 20 mV [10].

The results of measuring the protectorꞌs working potential, obtained with the help of the control electrode made of stainless steel, have shown the following:

– repeatability (convergence) of the control measurement results, according to [23], corresponds to the accuracy category of “precise measurements”, since the variation coefficient V, %, has proved to be less than 1%;

– intra-laboratory precisionness [24] of measurement results complies with the condition: |X_max– X_min| = |394 – 374| = 20 ≤ 20 mV [10].

Conclusion

1. The results of monitoring the protectorꞌs potential obtained with the help of an electrode made of stainless steel, comply with standard requirements.

2. The results of the research can be used in training operators for technical diagnostics of sea-going vessels and shipsꞌ protectors.

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