GRNTI 34.39 Физиология человека и животных
GRNTI 62.13 Биотехнологические процессы и аппараты
GRNTI 69.01 Общие вопросы рыбного хозяйства
GRNTI 69.25 Аквакультура. Рыбоводство
GRNTI 69.31 Промышленное рыболовство
GRNTI 69.51 Технология переработки сырья водного происхождения
GRNTI 87.19 Загрязнение и охрана вод суши, морей и океанов
The paper considers the content of hydrocarbons in the Northern Caspian Sea in 2011-2014, which is characterized with high heterogeneity of indicators in marine waters and its uniformity in bottom sediments. The increase in the concentrations by the average values in waters was observed in 2011, in bottom sediments - in 2012. The genesis of hydrocarbons in the Western shallow and rather deep parts had an autochthonic character, in general, but at the border with the Middle Caspian Sea it has anthropogenic character. By the coefficient of the bottom accumulation the situation with the pollution of the aqueous medium was assessed as relatively satisfactory. In some seasons of the observations there were found the local areas, where ecological situation was rather bad. The accumulation of the hydrocarbons in hydrobionts had been studied by the example of determining the content of the total quantity of hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds in their composition in the body of an ordinary sprat ( Clupeonella cultriventis caspia ), goby fish species ( Gobiidae ) and seals ( Phoca caspica ). On the background of mainly biogenic hydrocarbons fishes had high molecular compounds with oil nature, not synthesized by the biota. The coefficient of the accumulation in the periods of observations, when water masses had been exposed to oil pollution, was higher in the organism of an ordinary sprat than in organism of goby fish. During the periods, when the pollution of bottom sediments increased (in 2012), the accumulation of hydrocarbons was intensified in goby fish as representatives of the benthic habitat. Judging by the habitat of these fishes and the season of observations with maximum coefficients of accumulation of hydrocarbons, it is possible to reveal the areas of the sea and time periods with the most susceptibility to the oil pollution. The indicators of the content of the hydrocarbons in the tissues of seal were the same as in studied fishes. The portion of aromatic compounds in a total quantity of hydrocarbons for all hydrobionts steadily exceeded the threshold value. The results of the conducted studies confirmed the existence of an indissoluble connection between the pollution of the water environment and the pollution of the hydrobionts of different trophic levels.
hydrocarbons, marine waters, bottom sediments, content, accumulation, coefficient of the bottom accumulation, chromatogram, hydrobionts, aromatic compounds
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